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1. Who owns the tree lawn?

The City of Wyoming owns the tree lawn (as part of the public right-of-way) and regulates what is acceptable maintenance. The abutting property owner is responsible for maintenance of the tree lawn.

2. Who owns trees growing in the tree lawn?

In Wyoming, it is the City that owns these trees.

3. Who is responsible for maintenance of trees in the tree lawn or public right-of-way?

The City is responsible for the selection, purchasing, planting, pruning, removal, and stump-grinding trees in areas with groomed rights-of-ways (vs. brushy ROWs). Abutting property owners are asked to water as needed and prevent damage to these trees, but at this time are not required to do so.

4. My tree was removed recently. Will I get a replacement?

The City’s goal is to replace trees in the calendar year after the removal.

5. I have an open spot that clearly hasn’t had a tree in it for more than one year. Can I request that a tree be planted there?

Yes! Email the Public Works Director with your request.

6. Does Wyoming have a setback planting program?

Yes! In areas where the tree lawns are less than three feet deep, pavement conflicts would arise if a large shade tree were planted there. As these sites are identified, the City offers the abutting owner the option of having a tree planted on the private side of the sidewalk. In these arrangements, the City purchases and plants the tree then confers ownership and maintenance responsibility to the abutting property owner. Setback planting programs allow communities to grow larger, more environmentally impactful trees close to the pavement.

7. What do I do if I see a broken limb, dieback, or other issues of concern?

Email Rob Nicolls or call 513-821-3505 or complete this online request form.

8. Can I get firewood from the annual tree removals?

Yes! This wood is available for free to Wyoming residents. Email Public Works for details or call 513-821-3505.

9. How is Public Tree Management Funded?

This varies widely across the country, so comparing one community to another is rarely an apples-to-apples proposition. Over the decades since Dutch elm disease swept across the country necessitating extensive removals, trends are toward more formal programs and dedicated funding. Some communities are even beginning to regard trees as capital assets, thereby moving funding out of the operating budget and aligning it with grey infrastructure investment in sidewalks, curbs, roadways, etc.

In Wyoming, urban forestry activities are funded through the operating budget along with snow management, seasonal leaf and Christmas tree pick-up, road repairs, facilities maintenance, parks and recreation maintenance, waterworks, and more.

The Ohio Revised Code permits an assessment based on property value or feet of frontage to be used solely for urban forest management activities. As of 2019, the assessment in Cincinnati is $0.19 per front foot; in Toledo and Cleveland, it is higher. At this moment, Wyoming is not using or considering such an assessment.

Further reading:

Municipal Tree Care and Management in the United States: A 2014 Urban and Community Forestry Census of Tree Activities — full report is ~78 pages; see Section Two: Tree Care Funding.

Trees as Capital Assets — ~2000 words. Circa 2003; represents a change in thinking from trees as an amenity to trees as assets. 

10. What is a Public Tree?

What is a Public Tree?

“Public” trees are those owned, regulated, and/or cared for by a government entity — a village, city, township, county, state, etc.

In Wyoming, OH, public trees include those growing:

• in the right-of-way along roads (aka ROW or curbside trees)
  • there are approximately 66 curb miles in the City
• in parks & preserves
  • there are 45.3 acres of active-use parks in the City
  • there are 25 acres of passive-use preserves/green areas in the City
• on other city land — like the Civic Center, police/fire station, administration building, etc.

11. Who Cares for Public Trees?

As is common in communities our size in the Midwest, Wyoming’s Public Works Department cares for public trees. In 2017, one of its long-time staffers attained ISA Certified Arborist® status, signaling the increasing investment the City is making in public trees.

Some locations – full care

The City is fully responsible for trees located in managed turf and the landscape beds that surround public buildings and for those trees growing in maintained areas of parks and preserves.

Curbside trees – shared care

ROW tree care is a partnership with abutting property owners. There is no ordinance requiring it, but all residents are heartily encouraged to foster street tree health and longevity by watering as needed and working to prevent physical and chemical damage — simple, “act local” tasks. See the “Nurturing” section for tips.

Similar to the City of Cincinnati, Wyoming bears the greater burden of care for ROW trees — the full cost of purchasing, planting, trunk protection (from buck-rubs), structural pruning, and miscellaneous care throughout the service life of the tree, at which point the tree is removed, the stump is ground out and the cycle starts over with installation of a new tree — tasks best bundled and executed under a unifying strategy.

12. Who Prunes Right-of-Way Trees?

Street trees receive several types of pruning, the authority and responsibility for which lie in different quarters.

City Activities – Structural Pruning

In the first decade or so after planting, the City conducts what might be termed “pediatric pruning” — circling past every 2-3 years to make the cuts necessary to achieve both the clearance needed at maturity and establish scaffold limbs with good angles of attachment and spacing. Trees that receive this type of training early in life are less apt to have issues with limb failure due to crowding or failure during storms later in life.

After the training phase of life, pruning shifts to a 6-year (approx.) maintenance cycle. This allows timely edits as the canopy expands and matures. Research indicates that a 5-7 year cycle is economically justified. If deferred longer, storm damage increases, and the associated cleanup costs not only outweigh the maintenance pruning costs, but trees endure the kind of damage that can shorten service life.

Most City pruning is done during the winter months when crews are not managing snow and ice.

Utility Company “Line Clearance” Work

Setting the stage: Trees planted under utility lines will NEVER look the same as those growing across the street where there are no lines and certainly not like those growing in the landscape. Once you accept that, then the question to ask yourself is, “Is the tree functional? No matter how forlorn it looks in winter, does it cast shade in summer, detain stormwater, clean the air, provide habitat for insects, birds, mammals, and so on?” If you can get your thinking to that point, then you’re ready to read further…

Compared to a wooden fence post, live wood is a pretty effective conductor of electricity (that’s part of why you shouldn’t stand under a tree during a storm). When limbs are too close to live wires, the current will arc or jump to the tree. During storms, swaying limbs and lines increase arcing, and wet surfaces increase conductivity.

Utility companies are responsible for preventing outages due to line contact with trees. In the late 1990s, they began working closely with professional and research arborists on techniques like “directional pruning” to achieve this goal without doing unnecessary damage to trees with canopies that embrace the sky at utility levels. Due to the considerable risk of working in proximity to live wires, this work is done by specially trained crews contracted to and operating under the direction of a regional arborist with the local utility.

In the planning prior to a pruning cycle, our Public Works Director and the City Arborist work with Duke’s regional arborist to ensure contractors don’t exceed the work necessary for the utility to attain/remain in compliance with vegetation management regulations. We understand that shade conserved is power conserved.

Nevertheless, with increasing constraints on the industry and ever-increasing demand for current, no one should expect trees growing directly under utility lines to look like those growing on the side of the street without utility poles. While there’s no doubt tree appearance immediately after summer clearance work is dismaying, foliage regrows, shade and function return, and the look softens.

Further Reading

Electrical utility hazard training — ~250 words

Utility line clearance certification — ~350 words

Why does utility clearance seem more aggressive or radical in recent years?

Short Version

The higher the voltage carried in the line, the greater the clearance required. As demand in the region increases, higher-voltage lines intrude farther into your neighborhood and trees have to be trimmed farther back.

Long Version

Based on voltage and destination, electrical lines on poles are described as transmission, distribution, or drop. None of these lines are jacketed — i.e., unlike the power cord to your microwave, they are not insulated, so current can jump from the line to a grounded object. This can trigger anything from a voltage surge in the home to burns/fires in a tree to outages.

The higher the voltage, the greater distance a spark can jump or “arc”. Transmission lines carry the greatest voltage, 44,000 to 525,000 volts. These are the lines coming out of electrical substations like those in Hartwell and Finneytown that serve Wyoming. Typically, transmission lines don’t run deep into neighborhoods, but as demand increases, so does the intrusion as is clear along Fleming Road from Winton Road nearly to Morts Pass. Distribution lines carry less voltage, 12,000 to 35,000 volts, and are what are normally seen running through a neighborhood. Drop lines are those that emerge from the base of a transformer on a pole and run directly to your home.

The risk of contact between lines and limbs increases with sagging, swaying, and moisture. Lines sag due to extreme heat (whether from temperature or electrical load) and under ice loading. Limbs sag due to lush growth, foliage/fruit weight, water retained during rainfall, and ice-loading. Swaying and moisture increase in storms. So, guidelines for clearance cannot be based on what we see under fair weather conditions.

The historic August 14, 2003 blackout in the Northeast and Midwestern US and Ontario, Canada originated in Northeast Ohio as the result of a transmission line sagging so much due to ambient temperature and current load that it came into contact with a tree canopy in the utility corridor. The cascade of events that followed impacted ~55 million people for periods ranging from a few hours to several days. Check out the Wikipedia page for more information.

The long-term impact of this blackout emerged in Federal policy and regulations related to service reliability. Enforcement is based on fines that can be levied on the utility companies for failure to maintain service if an outage results from a foreseeable/preventable situation. Check out the Wikipedia page for more information.

The regulations began to go into effect ~2006/ 2007. At this writing in 2018, this means most areas have seen 2-3 pruning cycles aimed at more aggressive clearance. There’s some indication that to meet and maintain the new reliability standards, pruning cycles are being pushed to 4-5 years from 5-6 years. At the residential level, the net effect is that utility clearance work is more noticeable, but so too is the reduction in outages.

Duke Energy – Overview of Power Supply — a few short text panels; several pictures.

13. Why Care About Public Trees?

Public trees are more than a luxury, they are valuable elements of urban infrastructure like curbs, sidewalks, water mains, fire hydrants, utility poles, sewer pipes, and so on. The services provided by green infrastructure include measurable improvements in air and water quality, diminished urban heat loads, stormwater detention, public health benefits, and more.

Since “green” infrastructure grows, the benefits derived from the initial investment increase over time, delivering more services with each year that passes (to a point). On the other hand, “grey” infrastructure delivers maximum performance while new and deteriorates with age.

All infrastructure requires maintenance. Because green infrastructure gains value over time, there’s a return on investment. This is not seen as cash to spend elsewhere in the City budget, but it’s an offset of the need to spend additional funds to achieve the same goal. Ex: Trees that provide “shade over pavement” not only moderate the urban heat island effect, but also detain significant rainfall on leaves, branches, and trunk, reducing the peaks in runoff flow that hit storm sewers and, thus, offsetting funds otherwise required to install and maintain larger storm water handling systems.

14. How is Public Tree Management Funded?

This varies widely across the country, so comparing one community to another is rarely an apples-to-apples proposition. Over the decades since Dutch elm disease swept across the country necessitating extensive removals, trends are toward more formal programs and dedicated funding. Some communities are even beginning to regard trees as capital assets, thereby moving funding out of the operating budget and aligning it with grey infrastructure investment in sidewalks, curbs, roadways, etc.

In Wyoming, urban forestry activities are funded through the operating budget along with snow management, seasonal leaf and Christmas tree pick-up, road repairs, facilities maintenance, parks and recreation maintenance, waterworks, and more.

The Ohio Revised Code permits an assessment based on property value or feet of frontage to be used solely for urban forest management activities. As of 2019, the assessment in Cincinnati is $0.19 per front foot; in Toledo and Cleveland, it is higher. At this moment, Wyoming is not using or considering such an assessment.

Further reading:

Municipal Tree Care and Management in the United States: A 2014 Urban and Community Forestry Census of Tree Activities — full report is ~78 pages; see Section Two: Tree Care Funding. 

Trees as Capital Assets — ~2000 words. Circa 2003; represents a change in thinking from trees as an amenity to trees as assets.